by. Nyai Herawati, S.E., S.Pd.I., M.Pd.
Bendahara Umum Agerlip PGM Indonesia
& Praktisi Pendidikan
The concept of Multiple Intelligence was first introduced by Howard Gardner, who stated that intelligence is not limited to academic aspects but includes various other aspects such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence. In Islam, this concept was applied by Prophet Muhammad SAW in educating his companions and children through a holistic and wise approach. This article will discuss how Prophet Muhammad SAW developed multiple intelligence in children's education, along with references from the Qur'an and Hadith.
There are eight important aspects that should be developed in a balanced manner in children from an early age:
1. Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence is the ability to use language effectively, both in speech and writing. Prophet Muhammad SAW was known for his eloquence and wisdom in choosing words. He often used stories and parables to teach Islamic values.
Allah SWT says in the Qur'an: "Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best." (QS. An-Nahl: 125)
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Prophet Muhammad SAW also instilled logical thinking in educating children. He frequently used questioning methods to encourage critical thinking before accepting the truth.
Hadith: From Ibn Mas'ud RA, Prophet Muhammad SAW said: "Let those who are present convey (knowledge) to those who are absent, for it may be that the one informed better understands than the one who heard directly." (HR. Bukhari and Muslim)
3. Musical Intelligence
In Islam, vocal arts such as Qur'anic recitation and beneficial poetry are encouraged. Prophet Muhammad SAW supported the development of musical intelligence by teaching his companions to recite the Qur'an melodiously and beautifully.
Hadith: From Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari, Prophet Muhammad SAW said: "Indeed, you have been given a flute among the flutes of the family of David." (HR. Bukhari and Muslim)
4. Kinesthetic Intelligence
Kinesthetic intelligence relates to physical skills and body coordination. Prophet Muhammad SAW emphasized the importance of sports such as swimming, archery, and horseback riding for children.
Hadith: Prophet Muhammad SAW said: "Teach your children swimming, archery, and horseback riding." (HR. Bukhari)
5. Spatial Intelligence
Prophet Muhammad SAW taught the importance of spatial understanding and direction, such as in prayer, which always faces the Qibla, and in his journeys, which required good navigation skills.
Allah SWT says: "Turn your face toward Al-Masjid Al-Haram." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 144)
6. Interpersonal Intelligence
Prophet Muhammad SAW was an exemplary figure in interacting with others. He taught children good morals, empathy, and effective communication.
Hadith: "The most perfect of believers in faith is the one with the best character." (HR. Tirmidhi)
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Prophet Muhammad SAW also taught the importance of self-reflection and recognizing one's own potential and weaknesses.
Allah SWT says: "Indeed, he has succeeded who purifies himself, and indeed, he has failed who corrupts himself." (QS. Asy-Syams: 9-10)
8. Naturalist Intelligence
Prophet Muhammad SAW was very concerned about the environment and nature. He taught children to love living beings and maintain ecological balance.
Hadith: "Whoever plants a tree, and it bears fruit, then every fruit eaten from it becomes charity for him." (HR. Ahmad)
Conclusion
The educational methods of Prophet Muhammad SAW encompassed various aspects of intelligence, which are now known as multiple intelligence. By understanding and applying these methods, parents and educators can optimize children's potential according to their innate abilities and uniqueness. A balanced approach between intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence will produce a generation with noble character and strong competitiveness.
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